A Stuyd on Bhutanese Living in Thimphu City - 3226 Words

Research Topic: Financial Literacy of Bhutanese -A study on Bhutanese living in Thimphu City Chapter I Background of the study Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) International Network on Financial Education (INFE) has defined financial literacy as â€Å"a combination of awareness, knowledge, skill, attitude and behaviour necessary to make sound financial decisions and ultimately achieve individual financial wellbeing†. Bhushan and Medury (2013) stated that financial literacy helps individuals to improve their level of understanding of financial matters which enables them to process financial information and make informed decisions about personal finance. It was found that well-functional financial markets depend on participants making informed decisions (Agarwalla et al., 2012). Moreover, Bhushan and Medury (2013) found that financial education empowers individuals to take their financial decisions in a better and effective way. Financial literacy is increasingly important as it has become essential that consumers acquire the skills to be able to survive in modern society and cope with the increasing diversity and complexity of financial products and services (Bird, 2008). However, various researches including OECD survey and International Financial Literacy Barometer (IFLB) have shown that the levels of financial literacy worldwide are unacceptably low. Further, it was also found that developing countries have low level of financial literacy

Milton Friedman And The Social Responsibility Of Business...

Step 1: Summarize the major arguments of Friedman and Freeman et al. on CSR A. â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits†, written by Milton Freeman (1970). Milton Friedman took a â€Å"Shareholder Approach† to social responsibility. This approach asserts that shareholders advance capital to a company’s managers, who are supposed to spend corporate funds only in ways that have been authorized by the shareholders. Friedman wrote: There is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud. Milton Friedman’s major arguments: 1. A corporation is an artificial person and therefore cannot be socially responsible. The goal of the corporation is to maximize profits and returns as rewards to its shareholders for their risk taking while conforming to the basic rules of the society, such as law and ethical customer, except those organizations established for eleemosynary purpose. 2. Managers (or Corporate Executives) are the agents of the owners of business. Their primary responsibilities were to the owners. Spending corporation’s money for a general social interest is not acting in owners’ best interests (conflict of interests between owners and the beneficiaries for the social interests). Managers who spend corporation’s money on social responsibilityShow MoreRelatedMilton Friedman s The Social Responsibility Of Business2315 Words   |  10 PagesPrior to this class, I would’ve viewed the purpose of a business to be exactly as Milton Friedman describes in his article â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits.† In this article, he claims that corporate executives have responsibility to their employers, those employers being shareholders whose monetary contribution gives them capital to work with so they can expand the business, and the only way they will fulfill that duty is to make them as muc h money as possible. BusinessesRead MoreMilton Friedman, â€Å"the Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Profits†1202 Words   |  5 PagesMilton Friedman, â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits† In the article, â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Profits,† Friedman states that â€Å"businessmen believe that they are defending free enterprise when they proclaim that business is not concerned merely with profit but also with promoting desirable social ends.† This social responsibility is defined as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is the belief that â€Å"corporations owe a greater dutyRead MoreSocial Responsibility Of Business : Milton Friedman, The Famous Nobel Prize Winning Economist805 Words   |  4 PagesIt was Milton Friedman, the famous nobel prize winning economist, who once said there is 0:12 one and only one social responsibility of business—to use its resources and engage 0:18 in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the 0:23 game. Friedman s comments characterize one of two perspectives related to business social 0:28 responsibility. On one hand we know that the primary objective of a business is the attainment 0:34 of profits. But does that meanRead MoreArgument For Promotion Of Core Csr1635 Words   |  7 Pagesargue my middle must against my opponent (Milton Friedman’s) â€Å"must not† argument for promotion of core CSR. WE MUST PROMOTE CORE CSR vs WE MUST NOT PROMOTE CORE CSR Milton Friedman, in his work titled, â€Å" The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits†, emphasizes the role of business in society is to maximize shareholder wealth, and likens any activity misaligned with regard to that mission as â€Å"stealing†. In my argument against Milton Friedman’s â€Å"must-not† engage in core CSRRead MoreMilton Friedman1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I evaluate Milton Friedman’s essay: â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits† in 1970, on the Social Responsibility of a business and his theory, which is called the â€Å"Efficiency Perspective†. In every article and book that I have read about social responsibility, Friedman’s â€Å"Efficiency Perspective is placed centrally. During my research I found that Friedman is often criticized for being too classical. Friedman believes that manager’s foremost objective or evenRead MoreMarx Vi ew on Capitalism1635 Words   |  7 Pagesis a social inquirer, he sees a lot and he chooses accordingly, what was it about his character Joe Keller that makes All My Sons, written in 1947, so important to us that we are reading it in University in 2009? History speaks to the present, and this text takes us into the past to help us understand the flaws of our socio economic system of capitalism and questions the social responsibility of businesses under capitalism. Social responsibility of a business is the willingness of a business to acceptRead MoreMilton Friedmans Essay Analysis of The Social Responsibility to Increase Profit 727 Words   |  3 Pagestaking a look at the famous Milton Friedmans essay The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profit . The following paper is an attempt to critically evaluate the article in consideration of Freeman Stakeholder Theory. First thing let us start with a little overview of what Milton Friedman exposed in his article. It seems that the whole point of his essay revolves around one basic statement which clearly says that the only social responsibility of business is to use its resources andRead MoreWal-Mart Case Study on Csr1616 Words   |  7 PagesCCGL 9018 Final Essay Name: CHAN YIK UID 3035036503 Case study of Wal-Mart Introduction In this essay, the case of Wal-Mart will be discussed by applying the Milton Friedman’s argument on CSR and utilitarianism. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world, however, it is also known for ruthless exploitation of employee, squeezing suppliers, and crushing communities. It has been the Public Enemy No. 1 for a generation of activists and reformers. To cope with these oppositions, Wal-MartRead MoreMilton Friedman: The Goal of the Firm744 Words   |  3 PagesMilton Friedman the Goal of the Firm The three goals of the firm are to maximum market value, maximum share price, and maximum value of owner equity. Milton Friedman asserts the only responsibility of a business is to increase its profits. Friedman reasons that corporate executives are employees of the owners of the business, or the stockholders, and as such have a fiduciary duty as agents to principals. The concept of social responsibility implies something other than to increase profits and ifRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business1042 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility is defined as a business preparation that involves participating in creativities that help society. Friedman: The Social Responsibility of Business is to increase its profits. Milton Friedman argues that the only social responsibility a business has is to itself – mainly to its profits, and therefore, its stakeholders. The business management in charge of a company works for the organization and eventually for the stak eholders. This person is responsible for carrying

Imagery in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Free Essays

What Mark Twain is trying to portray in this part of, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is that Boggs is plainly looking for trouble, and Colonel Sherburn is as well. In this part of the book, Boggs comes galloping along on his horse, to town where he wants to kill Sherburn. His motto, â€Å"meat first, and spoon vittles to top off on† (107) is referring to him killing Colonel Sherburn and then eat him up in a sense of having pride that Boggs defeated someone. We will write a custom essay sample on Imagery in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I was reading this part of the novel, I pictured Boggs as a mid-aged, really large man. Also, the book said he had a really red face so it made me picture him getting out of breath easy. Losing his breath foreshadowed a bit to me that he was the one that was going to be defeated, being â€Å"weak†. As Boggs was trying to act strong and brave, it turned out that Sherburn was the brave one, I pictured. Sherburn seemed like he just walked out of the store in Arkansas in a brave matter, with no care in the world after he gave that speech. Colonel Sherburn seemed sick of Boggs running his mouth, and so he shot Boggs multiple times. The word â€Å"bang! kept appearing in this chapter, and it showed me how Sherburn wanted to do what he thought was necessary, though he was frustrated a bit. What really caught my eye was when they were trying to keep Boggs alive, and they put a Bible over his chest and under his head. This made sense that they thought, through their religion, that that could help Boggs out and that the Holy Spirit would bring him back to life, but unfort unately they did not. When first reading this, chills were brought to me with the smell of really fresh air and the sound of huffing and puffing as Boggs kept gasping for that sweet air. How to cite Imagery in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Essay examples

Deforestations Impact Essay Example For Students

Deforestations Impact Essay Deforestations ImpactPSC 391May 1, 2000Deforestation is the permanent destruction of indigenous forests and woodlands.(WWF)Currently, forests cover approximately one fifth of the worlds land. Forests provide us with many products we use in our everyday lives. They also provide for us in other ways such from helping stop soil erosion to providing us with medical drugs, dyes and fabrics.. Humanity depends on the survival of a healthy ecosystem and deforestation is causing many social, economic and ecological problems. Approximately 12 million hectares of forests are depleted each year. Ninety percent of the clearing occurs in the tropical rainforests. At the current rate of clearing, all tropical rainforests will be lost by the year 2050.(WWF)There are many reasons that deforestation occurs. Commercial Logging, Ranching, and farming are the main causes of deforestation. The UNFPA (United Nations Fund for Population Activities) said in its 1990 report that population growth may have been responsible for as much as eighty percent of the forest land cleared between 1971 and 1986 to make room for agriculture, cattle ranching, houses, roads and industries (Ramphal, 1992, p.55)Commercial Logging is accounting for the elimination of about 20,000 square feet of tropical forests per year. The increasing demand for fuel wood as populations expand is another important factor leading to deforestation. In most developing areas, wood is the primary source of fuel. In many of these areas, the demand for fuel woo d is rising at about the rate of population growth, and ahead of the destruction committed by loggers. (Hardaway, 1994, p. 201). One third of the worlds people depend on wood for fuel as a significant energy source (Dudley). Tropical forests cover about 10 per cent of the worlds dry land surface, mostly located in South America and Asia (Dudley 6). In the tropical forests of the world, deforestation is occurring for agriculture and livestock pastures. In the agricultural sector, the importance of export crops is a driving force behind deforestation. ). It is estimated that in that period nearly sixty million hectares of forest were converted to farmland and a similar amount of forest was put to non-agricultural uses. This is equivalent to the mass of twelve hundred square meters of forest added to the population (Ramphal, 1992, p. 57). Quite often, areas of forest were cleared in such a way (ex.: slash and burn) that they will never grow back. After a forest area has been converted to grazing lands or intensive farming, the soil will only sustain it for a few years. Then the land is left lifeless. Cattle ranching is another of the many reasons why trees are cut down recklessly in tropical areas. Over the last two decades, beef production in Brazil has risen sharply from 2.85 million metric tons in 1980 to 4.96 metric tons in 1996(FOA 1998). This rise in production corresponds with dramatic increases in deforestation levels in Brazil. What do forests do for us? Forests are a precious link in the life systems of our planet. They are a part of these vital ecosystem services without which earth would not have been habitable by the human species in the first place and would certainly have become inhabitable again. Forests have crucial roles in the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles that nourish and sustain life on earth. They protect the watersheds that support farming and influence climate and rainfall (Lindahl-Kiessling, 1994, p.167). They save the soil from erosion and are home to thousands of species, and forest peoples whose lives depend on them. They are also a source for industrial and medical purposes. .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df , .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .postImageUrl , .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df , .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:hover , .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:visited , .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:active { border:0!important; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:active , .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43551073a16a67fdbefc67054a96d2df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Baseball1 EssayWhat are the effects of deforestation Forests are great natural repositories of carbon. Trees breathe in carbon dioxide and store it, acting as carbon reservoirs. As such, they are invaluable agents in keeping the level of carbon in the atmosphere stable. As forests are destroyed worldwide, especially by burning, carbon dioxide is released into the air, adding to the stock of greenhouse gases that are now warming our planet and changing its climate. Carbon dioxide accounts for half of global warming, and fossil fuels account for two-thirds of manmade carbon dioxide (Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1970, p.134). The consumption of energy from fossil fuels; coal, oil, an d natural gas used for industrial, commercial, residential, transportation and other purpose results in large emissions. Thus, the energy sector accounts for nearly half of global warming, forty six percent. Forestland is also the worlds main storehouse of species, the plants, animals, birds, and insects with which earth has been blessed. Tropical forests expand roughly between ten degrees North and south of the equator. In a small portion of the earth lies nearly half of earths biological species, many endemic. The rapid rate of deforestation is erasing our bio-diversity. One major factor that the forests carry is that they are the home to over one half of the worlds total species (Dudley). Currently we are discovering 20 new species of insects and 15 species of plants each day (Dudley 13). Also the medical treatments, cures and vaccines will never be discovered if there are no forests to discover them in. Desertification is closely related with deforestation. When a forest is cut of burned down, the trees, which once held the rich topsoil together and protected its under the canopy are gone. The soil becomes susceptible to high sunlight and heavy rainfall this quickly damages the topsoil in tropical rainforest, causing them to loose soil nutrients and also dries out the soil. Our forests are invaluable resource to all. Not just for the wood, but as they maintain life on earth. They are continuing to be destroyed at a rate that will not permit their return when humanity realizes its errors. Our forests are perhaps the most threatened aspect of earth as a result of population growth, and the one that we can least afford to lose. Using the International Futures Software, I attempted to slow the effects of deforestation by manipulating factor which I could control by making changes and interpolating them into the working file and comparing them to the base file. I first examined the worlds forest without making any changes to the file(figure 1) Each of the areas had a fairly consent land use without many fluxuations with the exception of Africa which declined steadily. Next I decide to see how Forests would react as the Worlds population grew. Figure 2 illistrates the the land use for Africa and Latin America after a change in the population from 263.119 to 5000. BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Arizpe, Lourdes. Population and Environment. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. 2. Brown, Lester and Kane, Hal. Full House. New York: Norton and Co., 1994. 3. De Blij, H.J. and Muller, Peter O. Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1994. 4. Ehrlich, Paul and Ehrlich, Anne. Population Explosion. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990. 5. Ehrlich, Paul and Ehrlich, Anne. Population Resources Environment. San Francisco: Wilt Freeman and Co., 1970. 6. Hardaway, Robert. Population, Law, and Environment. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994. 7. Lindahl-Kiessling, Kerstin. Population, Economy, Development and Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 8. Lutz, Wolfgang. The Future Population of the World. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1994)9. Ramphal, Shridath. Our Country, The Planet. London: Lime Tree, 1992. .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 , .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .postImageUrl , .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 , .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:hover , .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:visited , .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:active { border:0!important; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:active , .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4 .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6cd43ed7931c8f87e88dde6650e1abd4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Band's First Stage Performance Essay10. Schlaepfer, Rudolph. Long Term Implications of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Forest Ecosystems. Vienna: IUFRO, 1994. 11. Stanford, Quentin H. Canadian Oxford World Atlas. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1993. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHY1. Arizpe, Lourdes. Population and Environment. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. 2. Brown, Lester and Kane, Hal. Full House. New York: Norton and Co., 1994. 3. De Blij, H.J. and Muller, Peter O. Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1994. 4. Ehrlich, Paul and Ehrlich, Anne. Population Explosion. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990. 5. Ehrlich, Paul and Ehrlich, Anne. Population Resources Environment. San Francisco: Wilt Freeman and Co., 1970. 6. Hardaway, Robert. Population, Law, and Environment. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994. 7. Lindahl-Kiessling, Kerstin. Population, Economy, Development and Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 8. Lutz, Wolfgang. The Future Population of the World. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1994)9. Ramphal, Shridath. Our Country, The Planet. London: Lime Tree, 1992. 10. Schlaepfer, Rudolph. Long Term Implications of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Forest Ecosystems. Vienna: IUFRO, 1994. 11. Stanford, Quentin H. Canadian Oxford World Atlas. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1993.